Among these genera, only Gobicyon is known from Europe ( G. serbiae in MN6 Pavlovic & Thenius, 1959 Ginsburg, 1999 Jiangzuo et al., 2018). (2021) proposed to include in the Haplocyoninae the genera Sarcocyon, Gobicyon, and Aktaucyon. Based on phylogenetic analysis, Jiangzuo et al. The typical haplocyonines ( Haplocyon, Haplocyonoides, and Haplocyonopsis) are unknown in Europe after MN3 ( Peigné & Heizmann, 2003 Morlo et al., 2020)-although they might have survived until the end of the Serravallian in Asia ( Jiangzuo et al., 2021). Three subfamilies of Amphicyonidae are recognized in the Miocene of Europe: the Haplocyoninae, the Thaumastocyoninae, and the Amphicyoninae, which are supposedly paraphyletic ( Morales et al., 2021b). Late Miocene amphicyonids are characterized by the presence of a pronounced, trenchant dentition ( Morlo et al., 2020 Morales et al., 2021a), but during the early and middle Miocene there are other, less carnivorous forms ( Ginsburg, 1999). These carnivorous mammals included numerous species during the early and middle Miocene in Europe ( Viranta, 1996), but went extinct before the end of the Miocene, the last European amphicyonids being known from the late Tortonian ( Amphicyon pannonicus Kretzoi, 1985 Viranta, 1996). Nevertheless, the Miocene is particularly interesting for studying the evolution of this family. They first appeared during the Eocene (Priabonian, MP18, ca. The Amphicyonidae, which are colloquially referred to as “bear-dogs”, represent one of the most characteristic groups of carnivorans in the Miocene European faunas ( Solé et al., 2018). This specimen belongs to an amphicyonid (Carnivora, Caniformia). It was, at that time, the only terrestrial remain among the entire fauna in this layer. In 1993, JFL and Philippe Renard found a mandible of a very large carnivoran in a transgressive microconglomerate layer from the Crousquillière locality in Sallespisse. These bioclastic accumulations (thanatocenoses) may represent a nearshore environment in a subtropical to tropical climate. Since then, numerous authors have contributed to the knowledge of the malacofauna from the Orthez area, including in Sallespisse (see Lesport, Cluzaud & Verhecken, 2012 Lesport, Cluzaud & Verhecken, 2015 for an extensive literature review). In 1833, the naturalist Dufour made an excursion in this area ( Dufour, 1836) and gave indications to his palaeontologist friend Grateloup who soon after published new fossil gastropod species ( Grateloup, 1835 Grateloup, 1845-1847). This formation attracted scientists early in paleontological history. This sea deposited in the Orthez area (Southwestern France) a famous and abundant marine fauna found in shelly sandy deposits named “Faluns bleus” ( Delbos, 1848), also known as Blue Faluns of Orthez ( Lesport, Cluzaud & Verhecken, 2015). The last transgression in the Aquitaine occurred during the Serravallian (middle Miocene, ca. Indeed, the Southwestern part of France was flooded by the sea several times during the early and middle Miocene ( Cahuzac et al., 1992) and the continuing uplift of the Pyrenees formed a natural barrier between the Iberian Peninsula and the rest of Europe. Despite the very abundant invertebrate fossil record, little is currently known about the faunal connections between the northern and southern part of the Pyrenees Mountain range during the middle Miocene due to a lack of continental vertebrate remains. These events led to important environmental changes and faunal renewals and exchanges ( Costeur, 2005). 5 ☌, while during the Serravallian, cooler temperatures occurred ( Hilgen, Lourens & van Dam, 2012). 15.97–13.65 Mya) encompasses the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum, a global increase in temperature of ca. The middle Miocene (15.97–11.63 Ma) is a period of great interest concerning climate change and faunal dispersal in Eurasia and Africa ( Rögl, 1999 Hilgen, Lourens & van Dam, 2012).
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |